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        • 2. Daisy Miller
        • 3. The Sun Also Rises
        • 4. The Sheltering Sky
        • 5. Sociology of tourism
        • 6. On the Road
        • 7. Literary geography
        • 8. Midterm
        • 9. Death in Venice
        • 10. The Comfort of Strangers
        • 11. Elephanta Suite
        • 12. A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary
        • 13. Sputnik Sweetheart
        • 14. Final
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John's blog

Journey to New York City

Submitted by John on Tue, 12/14/2010 - 17:17
  • Travel Fictions
  • 14. Final
A tale of S&M, a search for a new center and the trickery of natives.

Coming from a village outside of the city of Riga, Latvia, Boris and Irina were not ready for the metropolis that is New York City. From the minute they landed on their gigantic 747 airplane, they felt like they were in a completely different world. Maybe the couple needed this completely different world in order to awaken themselves. Although they had been married for 3 years now, Boris and Irina seemed to have lost interest in one another. So one day, Irina decided for them to go to New York City (“the capital of the world“) so that they can experience the youth of their lives once again.

The taxi cab pulls up to the airport and Boris and Irina settle in their car. On the drive from JFK airport to their posh Midtown hotel in NYC, they were completely in awe with what they saw. The enormous skyscrapers that towered above their heads and the cars navigating the city’s vast networks of highways were too much to handle at once. They couldn’t believe how different their hometown was from this huge metal and concrete city. Once they arrived, they decided to start their stay off with a romantic encounter. Boris and Irina’s love life was a simple one coming into their stay in NYC. But once the couple saw the lavish hotel room, something clicked inside them. Boris and Irina indulged in twisted fantasies which included locking one another in handcuffs and aggressive forms of passion. The journey to New York had sparked something inside of them that they had not felt since before they were married. Once they were done playing their love games, the couple headed to one of the many buzzing cafes in Midtown and discussed their plans for the following day in New York.

“Would you like some coffee?” Boris asked Irina.

Irina who was too busy studying the map at the moment simply nodded.

“I cannot wait to visit all of the bars and exciting nightlife that New York City has!” she exclaimed.

“It will bring back the days of our youth,” Boris answered.

After consuming their espresso and having a salad, the couple went back to the hotel and prepared for a night out on the town.

“I think we should take the subway,” Irina exclaimed.

“You really want the real experience of New York I guess,” Boris answered.

After getting on the downtown 6 train the couple traveled to Greenwich Village and got off the train at Astor Place. When getting out from the subway, they saw a younger couple staring at them.

“Do you needed directions?” asked the younger man.

“We are looking for the Greenwich Village Lounge,” Irina answered.

“Oh its about 7 blocks from here. Why don’t you follow us?” the young woman responded.

“Thanks so much for your help,” Boris said.

The couple looked at one another and a grin appeared on their faces.

“You must be from out of town,” the man said.

“Yep. We are from a small town just outside of Riga, Latvia,” Boris exclaimed.

“Are you two related. Maybe you’re her uncle or older cousin?” the young woman asked questioningly.

“No! We are actually married,” Irina said with an annoyed tone.

“Oh. Sorry about that. Its just your husband looks so much older than you I didn’t even realize,” the woman said blushing.

The four people then walked through the city heading towards the nightclub. Boris and Irina looked up at all the skyscrapers and snapped photos of some of them. When they arrived at the nightclub, Boris and Irina let loose. They ordered drink after drink and shot after shot while the young couple simply watched them with grins on their faces. Irina wanted to dance and quickly pulled Boris to the dance floor. Irina danced provocatively to the hip hop beats being played in the club. Boris could hardly stand and went to sit down. After a while, Irina followed him and sat down on a couch. The young couple then made their move. They asked Boris and Irina to join them in their apartment in Brooklyn. Irina thought it would be a great experience because they would get to see NYC from behind the scenes in the outer borough. After all, Boris and Irina embarked on this trip to experience a new, yet real experience.

Boris and Irina awoke the next morning in a daze sleeping next to the young couple. All of the people in the bed were naked with their clothes remaining outside of the apartment door. Boris and Irina looked shocked at first and then tried to recollect what happened. Slowly but surely, their memories began to come back to them. Irina pictured in her head the wild escapade that the four had the night before. The couple noticing that Boris and Irina had awoken and begun to remember moved towards them again. NYC had changed Boris and Irina and you could tell this because of the way they were so accepting. Before Boris and Irina left the apartment, the four had an even wilder escapade than before this one filled with vodka, patron, grey goose, Budweiser, Heineken, Coors Lite. Boris and Irina thanked the couple not realizing they were taken advantage of headed back to their hotel room in Midtown.

Boris and Irina spent the next couple of days traveling the city and visiting the most famous sights such as the Empire State Building, the Statue of Liberty, the World Trade Center and Times Square. The couple avoided the nightlife for a few days and returned to their hotel at midnight the latest on certain nights. The day before their vacation was set to end, Irina came up with an idea to visit another club while the couple was at the hotel restaurant eating dinner. So that night, the couple embarked upon another adventure, this time to Lower Manhattan.

Boris and Irina took the R train to Rector street and walked around the city with one of their many maps. Once again, like that other night when they went to the bar, they couldn’t find their destination.

“Lets ask for help,” Boris told Irina.

“Why? So we can find two freaks like last time,” Irina said laughing.

The couple decided to ask for directions and this time encountered a couple about the same age as Boris, around 40 years old. They seemed a lot more friendlier and normal then the first couple they encountered a few nights ago. They helped bring Boris and Irina to the nightclub and then decided to join them as well. Boris and Irina behaved the same exact way they did the first night at the nightclub. They drank excessive amounts of alcohol and even smoked a few cigarettes. They danced provocatively to almost every song and seemed to really be improving their relationship. After a fun night of dancing and partying, Boris and Irina were invited by the couple, Alex and Nicole back to their apartment up in the Bronx. Irina and Boris not learning from the last time politely agreed to come.

After arriving in the apartment, Boris, Irina, Alex and Nicole wined and dined while listening to music. It was a much different atmosphere from the last time they had stayed in an apartment. Irina didn’t like it though. She thought there was something fishy about the couple. She looked around the apartment and saw satanic references all around. All the rooms were painted a dark and uninviting color. She signaled towards Boris and spoke to him quietly.

“I don’t like the way this house looks.”

“What’s wrong with it?”

“I don’t know maybe I’m just hallucinating but I’m getting a bad vibe.”

“Maybe you should take a nap? We are having a nice conversation going on over there and that will give you some time to relax and rest.”

“Alright that’s what I will do. I was feeling dizzy and queasy anyway so that might be the best thing for me to do.”

Irina slept peacefully until she was awoken by the shrieks of someone. She looked up and there was her husband bleeding profusely on the floor. She tried to intervene and help but she was whacked in the head with a kitchen pan by Nicole. As she struggled to get up she made a gruesome discovery. Her husband had been stabbed with something in his chest. He was gasping for air while Nicole went to help him. She had one last look at Alex and Nicole before Alex punched her right in the face.

It was sometime before she got up from the brutal punch but when she did she immediately dialed 911. She looked at the dead corpse of her husband and then looked at the empty bags that had their valuables in it. She transitioned into a dazed state and didn’t know what to do. When the cops arrived, they asked to talk to her but she couldn’t say a word. She wouldn’t drink or eat anything. The cops were left with only one choice and brought her to the hospital for an evaluation. Irina was distraught without her husband and her parents flew into NYC to come and get her. Irina walked like a zombie to the airplane waiting to take her and her family back to Latvia and left a completely changed person then what she was when she first arrived in NYC.

---THE END---

Interviewer: How did you come about writing the story?
Me: I came about writing the story because of my interest in NYC. Since I lived here all my life, I wanted to write my travel story on a place that I am faimiliar with. I also wanted to put a new mix into my story. Instead of having the main characters travel to remote places, I wanted them to travel to one of the biggest cities on Earth and then I wanted to show the effect of the big city on them.

Interviewer: What were your intentions in writing this story?
Me: When writing this story, I wanted to incorporate some typical themes of travel into my work. I intended this story to be a work that incoporated the elements of S&M, miscommunication, death, authenticity, drinking, romance, sickness, asking for directions/getting lost, maps, transformation and interacting with locals.

Interviewer: Why did you make the story the way you did?
Me: I structured the story in a unique way. I wanted to include some dialogue but let the focus of the story be on describing what the characters were doing. I incorporated all of the elements I mentioned above so that my story would follow the guidelines of most travel stories.

Interviewer: Why did you leave out the names of the first couple?
Me: I left out the names of that couple because I wanted that scene to seem like a quick blur for the readers. I wanted them to get the sense of miscommunication and obscurity that the characters in this scene were feeling with their encounter with the couple. 

Interviewer: Why did you start the story and end the story with coming from and going to the airport?
Me: I started my story with Boris and Irina coming from the airport so that I could put their transformation into greater light. I wanted to show the readers what they were seeing was astonishing to them and that it was completely different from their home. I ended the story with Irina going to the airport with her family because I wanted to show another transformation at the end as well. Irina wasn't the same person she was before she arrived in NYC and wasn't the same person that was in NYC either.

Interviewer: Was your age difference in the relationship a reference to Sputnik Sweetheart?
Me: Yes. I wanted my main characters to have a lot of years seperating them so that the readers can understand they didn't have a normal relationship. I wanted their relationship to be one of the main focuses of the story.

Interviewer: Why did you decide to not elaborate on the good parts of the trip in NYC but instead describe the unfortunate moments?
Me: By describing the worse moments of the trip I think this fit in with the themes that I was trying to imply in my story. These themes are used in most travel stories such as The Comfort of Strangers, Death in Venice, Sputnik Sweetheart etc. I didn't want to write a story that had to do with the pleasures of travel. My main focus was to present the dangers of travel that are accompanied with the search of transforming one's self and finding a new centre. By having my main characters go to a foreign land, this would show the longing they had to experience this change. However, foreign places may not always be the best answer to these themes. Often the natives of the lands these tourists visit can prove to be deadly which is what I wanted to expose to my readers.

Interviewer: Why did you choose to write the story in the 3rd person?
Me: I thought that it would be easier to convey the thoughts and discussions that the characters had by writing my story in this way. I wanted the readers to really gain knowledge on my main characters Boris and Irina. This is something they would have been unable to do if I wrote the story in the 1st person. By having the readers able to understand Irina's actions, this gives them a clearer interpretation of the story and they are able to see the change in the romantic lives of the main characters along with the change in thoughts of the main characters in general. 

Interviewer: You seemed to make many references in your story to The Comfort of Strangers. Why is that?
Me: The Comfort of Strangers was a big influence of mine. I wanted to put my own twist on this story and thought that NYC would be a perfect place to set a similar story. I also wanted to add different elements of S&M to my story then to what was put into The Comfort of Strangers. I also wanted there to be violent scenes and I wanted the story to culminate in death just like The Comfort of Strangers.

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The Transforming Effect of Travel on Love

Submitted by John on Tue, 12/07/2010 - 02:13
  • Travel Fictions
  • 13. Sputnik Sweetheart
How the travels of Sumire, Miu and K completely transform their lives forever.

Sputnik Sweetheart is another one of the romantic travel stories that we have encountered numerously throughout the semester. It is written around characters that love one another but cannot have the people they truly want and desire. The story revolves around the main character Sumire who comes from a small village in Japan and goes on to live on her own and drop out of college to become a writer. The author, Haruki Murakami then describes to us how Sumire and K establish relationships and how Sumire and Miu eventually get close as well. From the beginning of the book, the readers can get the sense that the narrator is in love with Sumire but she simply likes him as her closest friend and nothing more. Sumire then goes on to fall in love with Miu which I think is very interesting. She has barely known her and yet she loves her more than a man that she has many conversations with and knows much more about. Murakami doesn't only make this story one of those in which lovers cannot ever be together because of outside circumstances. He throws in the twist of finding one's self through travel which is a travel theme that has been expressed multiple times throughout this semester as well.

In this story, travel becomes the transformation point for these characters. None of them while traveling to these locations whether it be the Greek Island or even Switzerland, realize what impact their journey will have on them. K states in the story that, “Sumire said she missed me. But she had Miu beside her. I had no one. All I had was- me. Same as always” (77). He then goes on to say, “Was I really going to get on a plane and fly all the way to Greece? The answer was yes. I had no other choice” (81). Although he realizes that Sumire has someone else that she’s interested in, she has gone missing and he loves her and no matter what wants to be tied to her somehow. The minute he embarks on this travel, he finds that he has changed from what he was before. K doesn’t think of life in the same manner as he did before and only wants to find K so that he never loses her from his life.

Miu also develops a close relationship with Sumire in which she details during her conversation with K about Sumire’s disappearance. Sumire loves her passionately and Miu loves her back but not in the same intimate manner. Miu has already undergone a transformation as a result of travel. Miu states, “I was still on this side, here. But another me had gone over to the other side” (157). Miu during her trip to Switzerland underwent the transformation that occurs with travel often. She no longer wanted to have sex with anyone and couldn’t experience the passionate love that Sumire had towards her. Sumire after realizing that she couldn’t experience love with the Miu that was in the house with her, embarks on her own person al journey to find the meaning behind her life. Although we are not told what exactly happens to Sumire and how this journey goes, by the end of the book we are given a clue on it. K states at the end of the book, “Good. We’re both looking at the same moon, in the same world. We’re connected to reality by the same line. All I have to do is quietly draw it towards me” (210). It seems that K has finally undergone his personal and mental transformation as well. He finally understands how to connect with Sumire and so now they can be in the same world once again. The author cleverly ties in this final moment with Document 1 on Sumire’s floppy disk which is titled, “Did You Ever See Anyone Shot By a Gun Without Bleeding?”. K gets “shot by this gun” and cannot find any blood on his hands at the end which means that he now understands what has happened to Sumire and understands where he must go from here on out in the future.

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Search for Language and Love

Submitted by John on Tue, 11/30/2010 - 09:53
  • Travel Fictions
  • 12. A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary
How Zhuang's journey to England is one of self-discovery and self-exploration.

A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary for Lovers by Xiaolu Guo is a unique novel. Unlike the past novels we have read, this novel features a different main character. Zhuang is a 24 year old girl who has not experienced much in her life so far. All she knows is China and its communist practices that were currently installed in that country at the time. She is very different from past main characters that we have encountered so far in this class because of the learning process that she must go through. Other main characters that we have encountered have came from Western Civilizations and traveled to the lesser civilized eastern populations of the world carrying with theme some knowledge and common sense that will help them travel the world. Zhuang however doesn’t have much of these characters and goes to London in search for language and love.

The novel follows the exact growing process that Zhuang undergoes throughout her year away from China. It starts off with the “prologue” in which the readers are introduced to the language that Zhuang currently knows. She says things like, “But I at neither time zone” (3) and “I on airplane” (3). Immediately we are introduced to the extent in which Zhuang will undergo a personal transformation in order to become “civilized” into the western culture that she is about to visit. We then see the cultural clash that develops in Zuhang‘s mind. Zhuang must deal with sorting our her past beliefs and customs in order to learn the “English” way of things. One of the most striking conflicts that Zhuang encounters is how to deal with the loneliness that accompanies traveling to a new and foreign place. Xiaolu Guo describes this by saying, “I always alone, and talking to myself. When sky become dark, I want grab something warm in this cold country. I want find friend teach me about this strange country” (33). Zhuang struggles with being alone because this is a concept that isn’t practiced in China. Zhuang goes on to describe how people work together in China but in England, people are totally out on their own. Zhuang is forced to discover how lonely people are in the western world in order to help her understand the broader conflict that she has an even tougher time uncovering which is love.

The most deepest conflict that Zhuang encounters during her stay in London is love. It is like Zhuang is a young teenager exploring love for the first time. Guo describes her by saying. “I need somebody protect me, accompany me, but not staring at me in darkness. I longing for smile from man…”(36). Zhuang is only interested at first in someone’s presence in order to keep her away from the lonely feelings that travel can sometimes have. This search to cure her loneliness instead turns into pure love with a man twenty years older than her. Zhuang is always trying to learn the language and at times this causes problems in the relationship. Her lover is sick and tired of explaining everything to her which causes the first real tension between the two of them. Their relationship becomes driven by sex like so many of the novels so far have displayed. Guo describes Zhuang’s feelings towards sex as, “I never really knew what is sex before. Now I naked everyday in the house, and I can see clearly my desire” (57). Their relationship becomes a lustful one in which they don’t really communicate as people in love would. It is a relationship that is more about sex than it is about anything else.

As the novel progresses, Zhuang continues to deal with western concepts such as “privacy”, “intimacy”, “surprise”, “custom” and “home” that are very foreign to her. She is like a child in that she must learn all of these principles for the first time. This impacts both her search for language and love because of the way that other people perceive her. After her lover suggests she travel to explore her self more, she sets out on a month long journey across Europe. Even throughout her journey through Europe, her passions and desires are not much different. She meets a man who she barely knows and has sex with him. She mingles with and stays with many different man whether in Berlin or Venice or even while waiting for the train to leave from the station in Amsterdam. All this is new to her and so she doesn’t know how to act properly in front of these men that she encounters. As the novel progresses towards the end, Zhuang realizes what her journey has done to her. Although she has searched for self-discovery and a transformation, she sees herself as lost. Guo writes, “But I must leave. I am losing myself. It is painful that I cant see myself” (272). Like the other novels we have read thus far, this one ends in a negative light in which Zhuang returns heart broken and perhaps even more lost to China then before she set out on her journey to “learn the English language” in England.

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Power, Manipulation and Spirtuality in India

Submitted by John on Tue, 11/16/2010 - 05:48
  • Travel Fictions
  • 11. Elephanta Suite
The effects of the natives on Dwight and Alice and how this helps them find their spirituality.

The Elephanta Suite is a novel that offers a unique interpretation on travel. It focuses on the individual journeys of two Americans in India. Both Dwight and Alice have different events encompass their journeys but each of the journeys follows the theme of using India as a way for them to discover themselves and as a way to exert power on the country in which they could not do back in the United States. Both Dwight and Alice also share the assimilation into the Indian culture as a prominent theme in each novella. They don’t simply travel to India and act as tourists while there. Both Dwight and Alice use India as a way to forget about their past lives and start new ones.

In “The Gateway of India” Dwight experiences new life while traveling to India. Paul Theroux writes, “Second trip, the life changing one” (85). On his first trip to India, Dwight goes about India through the view of tourists or foreigners who don’t take the time out to appreciate a foreign place. His viewpoint on India changes after encountering the real people that live in India. Behind the scenes of the glamorous business world, Dwight is exposed to the vicious nature of the Indian people. They are not into anything but making money and acting upon foreigners who are gullible. This is exactly what happens to Dwight in this novella. Dwight uses his desire for power and control to live in India. Theroux describes this by saying, “His sexual experiences in India had opened his eyes and given him insights. The world looked different to him” (133). Dwight becomes enraged with exploring his sexuality here. His life becomes controlled by visiting Indru. He uses her as a way to express his power and control over another human, something that he didn’t have back in the states. This is what the entire novella centers around is Dwight’s oblivious use of power and control. This need or desire to express his power and control eventually leads to him getting taken advantage of multiple times. He realizes that he may have not been in power this whole time at all. What seems like complete control and personal satisfaction to him, is viewed as foolery and mockery by the natives of India. The way in which he is humiliated however leads to him realizing the only thing he ever wanted. The novella ends with Theroux saying, “Craving nothing except more life- happy, seeing things as they were” (186). After his emotional and experimental journey throughout India, Dwight realizes what he wanted all along was a spiritual finding that will guide him throughout the rest of his life.

The third novella, “The Elephant God” is no different. Like in “The Gateway of India”, this novella features another oblivious American traveler, Alice. She acts similar to Dwight in that she thinks the people of India as her friends. She is unable to realize the true motives of the Indian people who are out to make careers and money and who stick together and trick foreigners into doing things that will profit them. I thought Amitabh’s description of his people proved this point well. Theroux writes, “Its funny how people come here from overseas- Americans, like you- and don’t realize how we are in constant touch with each other” (240). Like Indru and Shah realized in the second novella, Amitabh uses Alice’s oblivious nature against her. She is left with nobody to side with her except an elephant. This is where I think the title of the book becomes relevant. The elephant is the spirituality that Alice has been looking for all throughout her journey as well. Like Dwight who after traveling and undergoing misfortune, humiliation and manipulation by the Indian people found the centre that he had been looking for, Alice finds this at the end of the third novella. The elephant is her key to accomplishing freedom and the spiritual accomplishment that she had been looking for while in India. The novella ends by Theroux writing, “Then she pulled the long pin from the ring on the post, releasing the chain, releasing the elephant, releasing herself”. (274). After dosing out revenge towards Amitabh and getting that sense of power back like Dwight had at the end of his journey, Alice can be happy again and rejoice in song as she has found the fuel to help her proceed in her life. She has found the meaning behind her travels that she had been looking for.

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Anything But Comforting

Submitted by John on Wed, 11/10/2010 - 13:35
  • Travel Fictions
  • 10. The Comfort of Strangers
A look at how sex, gender and power shape the lives of Mary and Colin in their trip to Venice.
The Comfort of Strangers was anything but comforting for Mary and Colin. Similar to the books that we have read so far in class, this book follows the same theme of having despair and misfortune filling the final pages of the book. In a sex filled book that starts off as a typical tourist book that follows the themes of travel, The Comfort of Strangers continues to display characteristics that we’re already used to reading but it also creates a few even more stranger details that made this book the strangest book that we have read so far.

The main themes that The Comfort of Strangers detailed and explained revolved around the concepts of sex and gender through travel. In the beginning of the book, the trip to Venice is like any other typical tourist trip. Ian McEwan describes this by writing, “Colin and Mary set out each morning after breakfast with their money, sunglasses and maps, and joined the crowds who swarmed across the canal bridges and down every narrow street” (12). Mary and Colin played the role of tourists as they followed rituals of exploring Venice. They would eat in all of the restaurants and cafes and walk or even get led by boat around the expansive town. They did everything that visitors to a foreign place would do. However, this seemed to not be enough for the two travellers. Mary and Colin wanted to experience something more during their trip to Venice. The search for a realer experience by interacting with the natives is what the two were looking for. This search however, is the one mistake that Mary and Colin make on their vacation to Venice which highlights how interactions with the “natives” of a foreign place may not be a good thing for tourists to do.

The whole typical tourist theme and upbeat mood of the beginning of the novel begins to turn when Mary and Colin meet a strange man Robert. After resisting help from him multiple times to show them a place to eat, Mary and Colin finally give in to Robert and let him lead them around town. At first, the readers get the sense that Robert may live off of showing people around the town and either may be lonely or just naturally friendly. However, as the readers read deeper into the book, they begin to realize that this is anything but the case. It all starts with the weird photograph that Mary talks about in which Caroline and Robert have a photo of Colin in their house. This is where the book becomes not so comforting because the reader is exposed to a weird sensation of sexual fantasy by Caroline and Robert.

At first, Mary and Colin get back home safely from the first strange visit with Caroline and Robert. When they return to their hotel, they go back to living day to day like a typical tourist and by the same mundane rituals day after day. Only this time, their days become filled with sex. They had sex multiple times throughout the day and even their conversations had turned to sex. McEwan writes, “Their talk turned to orgasms, and to whether men and women experience a similar, or radically different, sensation” (79). Sex ruled their lives as all the couple could think about was sex. They became like primitive creatures in a way and lived life like that was the only thing they knew how to do.

 The roles of sex and gender are brought up even more pronouncedly towards the end of the story when Mary and Caroline have a deep talk. When Mary and Colin decide that they are still longing for the mystery that is behind Caroline and Robert, they return and this is their ultimate downfall. Sex and gender roles is brought up when Caroline tells Mary of her relationship with Robert. The wild sex in which Caroline would get whipped, beat and punched while having sex with Robert. She became Robert’s personal object which shows how the gender roles at the time of the book were still in place. These talks of wild and rough sex however only led to the eventual incorporation of these behaviors to include Mary and Colin. The readers see this when McEwan writes, “There he stood Colin on his feet and slammed him hard against the wall, and held him there, his enormous hand firm around Colin’s throat” (121). Robert displays his rage and obsession with power here. McEwan goes on to write, “Then Robert, pressing his forearm against the top of Colin’s chest, kissed him deeply on the mouth, and as he did so, Caroline ran her hand over Robert’s back” (121). The couple first display rage and power on Robert but then show their wild sexual fantasy towards him. Robert and Caroline  go on to killing Colin which gives the reader the sense of sexual violence that McEwan emphasis in this book. Unlike the others that we have read this year, this book is more erotic and has a more deeper violent plot to it which makes it the weirdest yet maybe the most engaging book thus far.
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How a Simple Vacation Turns Into an Obessive, Unfortunate Journey to Relive One's Youth

Submitted by John on Tue, 11/02/2010 - 00:06
  • Travel Fictions
  • 9. Death in Venice
How beauty, envy and obsession help pave Aschenbach's stay in Venice.
Death in Venice  by Thomas Mann deferred away from the common framework  that many of the stories that we have read thus far have had. This story focuses on the travels of one main character, Gustav von Aschenbach. Throughout the story, the reader is exposed to a sense of obsession and reflection by Aschenbach. Upon arriving in Venice, he encounters a “beautiful” young man who defies anything that Aschenbach has ever seen. Although slim and even resembling the body of a sickly person, Aschenbach defines Tadzio as Greek god-like. Throughout his time in Venice, we see how Aschenbach develops an obsession with Tadzio’s beauty and  how this obsession may be the missing section of Aschenbach’s life that may make it complete. This journey is the beginning and also the end of a new life for Aschenbach.

In the beginning of the novel, we get the sense of how bleak Aschenbach’s life has been up to this point. Thomas Mann describes it as, “He grew aware of a strange expansion of his inner being, a kind of restive anxiety, a fervent youthful craving for faraway places, a feeling so vivid, so new or else so long and outgrown that he came to a standstill” (5). Aschenbach has never been the travelling person. He experiences a new, unique feeling that makes him resemble an experiential tourist. He is looking for a new beginning and a new way of living. He may not know this at first and in his mind he may resemble a recreational tourist who travels just for helping boost his determination to help his work. However, his trip to Venice ultimately highlights his longing to become youthful again as shown in the quote from page 5 and when Mann says, “Was it an intelligent consequence of this “rebirth””(20). His longing to relive his youth is why he stays in Venice even when a deadly disease spreads viciously throughout the city.

Along with his longing to relive his youth and to be reborn comes an obsessive quality that develops within Aschenbach. After he arrives in Venice and is exploring the grounds around the hotel, Aschenbach sees a young, slender man named Tadzio. He is immediately drawn to this man because of his “beauty”. Mann first exposes us to this when he writes, “he saw none other than the beautiful boy coming from the left, walking past him in the sand” (55). Aschenbach marvels at the boy and thinks he is truly the most magnificent creature he has ever seen. By marveling at the young man, the reader can get the sense that Aschenbach is displaying these feelings because this is the type of person that he wants to be or maybe even wishes he was in his past when he was younger. Tadzio becomes a model for Aschenbach and he goes about day by day tracking and following the journeys of Tadzio’s family throughout Venice.

The day by day following of Tadzio only emphasizes more the kind of strange bond that Aschenbach has developed. Mann says, “But at that very moment he felt the casual greeting fade and vanish before the truth of his heart, he felt the rapture of his blood, the joy and agony of his soul, and acknowledged to himself that it was Tazdio who had made it hard for him to leave” (73). Aschenbach has never even had one word with Tazdio and yet he is making it seem like he has had a  long relationship with him. This makes Aschenbach seem like he is exhibited child like qualities in which before even meeting a person he becomes infatuated with him. This is yet another example which serves as an explanation as to how Aschenbach’s trip to Venice may have been used as a chance to relive his youth and live without boundaries.

Although his trip brings out feelings of youth and defiance that he has never quite felt many times throughout his life, Aschenbach’s journey in Venice ends in an unfortunate way. This novel like many novels that we have read up into this point in the class, also has had a sad and even  incomplete feeling to it. While I was reading the story, I established a longing for Aschenbach and Tazdio to meet because I felt that this would complete Aschenbach’s journey to Venice. By meeting with Tazdio, Aschenbach will complete his journey of finding his self and reclaiming his youth by finally completing his obsession. This never happens as Mann says, “Minutes passed before people rushed to the aid of the man, who had slumped sideways in his chair” (142). Aschenbach imagined that he went to meet Tazdio in the ocean however this imagination is really Aschenbach’s death. Although his journey is complete in his mind, Aschenbach never meets Tazdio and can never profess his love and infatuation with him giving this story another unhappy ending to add onto the previous ill-fated endings  we have encountered in this class so far.
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Nature's Revelations

Submitted by John on Wed, 10/27/2010 - 23:32
  • Travel Fictions
  • 8. Midterm
Analyzing the visits to nature in the novels and how they invoke revelation and rejuvenation
Throughout the semester so far, we have read many travel novels that describe the countless places our main characters have been to. These various descriptions that the authors have made of these places has helped us to develop common travel themes for the novels. I thought that the descriptions of various natural places such as rivers, deserts and fields were an important element to look at.  In Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises, Paul Bowles’ The Sheltering Sky and Jack Kerouac’s On the Road each of the authors stress the importance that natural settings have in a larger context. The main argument that I am trying to make is how when each of the main characters are in these natural places it as if they undergo a new found sense or realization and become reborn.      

The first novel to look at that I think has an interesting description of a place is in Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises.  The most fascinating scene is when Jake and Bill go on a fishing trip. Hemingway writes, “It was very hot on the dam, so I put my worm-can in the shade with the bag, and got a book out of the pack and settled down under the tree to read until Bill should  come up for lunch” (125). What I found to be particularly interesting about this passage was how cool, calm and collected Jake seemed to be. Through the novel, the reader sees Jake travelling all over and going from café to café or bar to bar just because he wants to travel and have a good time. I think this passage illustrates something different because of how Jake doesn’t want to be on the move here. Instead he is focused on staying put for a change and welcomes having the time to sit back and think and realize what he is doing.

Another interesting passage in The Sun Also Rises is when Hemingway states, “I walked up the road and got out the two bottles of wine. They were cold” (126). It continues later on when he says, “I spread the lunch on a newspaper, and uncorked one of the bottles and leaned against  a tree.  Bill came up drying his hands, his bag plump with ferns” (126). I really enjoyed this description of the river scene because I thought it was a warming moment in the book. Jake and Bill are having a great time and there is no other place they rather be. They are alone and doing something they like which makes it a valuable trip. Not only are they doing something they like but they caught plenty of fish which makes this trip of relaxation and enjoyment translate to revelation and rejuvenation. Jake and Bill have had the time to think and reflect and hence transform themselves and in a sense become reborn.

The Shletering Sky by Paul Bowles also offers another exciting viewpoint on nature and how it can result in revelations in people. Bowles describes Port and Kit’s journey to the desert by saying, “They sat down on the rocks side by side, facing the vastness below. She linked her arm through his and rested her head against his shoulder. He only stared straight before him, sighed, and finally shook his head slowly” (93). Port and Kit are alone in a mostly abandoned and quiet place and yet all Port can do is think. He is thinking about life in general and trying to find a meaning to it. Bowles goes on to say, “It was such places as this, such moments that he loved above all else in life” (93). Port thrives on being in natural places such as the desert and thrives when being in them. Port does most of his critical and analytical thinking in these types of environments which helps further connect how the descriptions and scenes of natural places can be tied into the process of revelation and finding one’s self.

The final novel that I really thought had a good emphasis on the sense of setting and how it affects the main character was in Jack Kerouac’s On the Road. Kerouac describes Sal’s enjoyment with the cottenfields by stating, “It was beautiful. Across the field were tents, an d beyond them the sere brown cottonfields that stretched out of sight to the brown arroyo foothills and then the snow-capped Sierras in the blue morning air” (96). By providing the readers, with this well written and observant description of the setting in the cottonfields, the reader can get a sense of the scene in which Sal is currently witnessing. By describing it in the positive manner that he does,  we get a sense of the happiness that fills Sal’s heart when being in the cottonfields. He goes on later to say, “This was so much better than washing dishes on South Main Street. But I knew nothing about picking cotton” (96). I think that this statement just further leads to the engaging nature of how Sal is affected by his visit. Sal may not know how to pick cotton but its not knowing how to pick the cotton that would give him enjoyment. He is happy at this particular moment because he is “not on the road” at the particular moment.  He later goes on to say, “If I felt like resting I did, with my face on the pillow of the brown moist earth. Birds sang an accompaniment. I thought I had found my life’s work” (96). His time at the cottonfield is a chance for Sal to be free and realize and rethink what he is doing and what his intentions are. By being in a place that is isolated from the grind and hustle of everyday life for most humans, Sal is able to thrive and have a personality. He is not doing things because everyone else is doing it and he is not going from place to place in search for life’s next experience. He is settled at one place and this is what gives him the biggest dose of connecting with his inner self that he has had. Like the other nature visits that the main characters have in the other novels, Sal is just another example of the way in which his thought process and his mood are affected by visiting the cottonfield.

Sometimes a person just needs a place in order to feel comfortable enough in order to analyze what is going on in his or her lives and what they should do in the future in order to continue succeeding or to start succeeding. In many of the novels that we have read in this course so far, the places that these characters go to find a safe haven of enjoyment, rejuvenation and revelation are places of nature. In The Sun Also Rises, Jake and Bill go on a fishing trip in order to get refreshed and re-evaluate why they are traveling. In The Sheltering Skythe desert has a huge impact on Port’s thinking about his current life and what the future holds for him. On the Road also offers a look at how nature can change the thought process of a character when Sal visits the cottonfields.   Each of these scenes in these novels connects places to the positive mental effects that they have on the characters. If the characters did not experience these places, they probably wouldn’t have been able to realize what they want  in life and the reasons behind their travels. These places that they visit serve as a temporary “safe haven” and a retreat from reality into a world where there is time to stop and think and to evaluate one’s true intentions.
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Place through an Experiential Perspective

Submitted by John on Thu, 10/21/2010 - 03:03
  • Travel Fictions
  • 7. Literary geography
Sal's journeys in San Francisco and how they relate to the theme of place.
Place is a concept that many writers now incorporate into their novels. With place, comes experience. Often many times, authors can write about a foreign place and never have even visited there or have done so for such a short amount of time that it can hardly matter. Pocock and Tuan argue this and its importance in the literature of today. In On the Road by Jack Kerouac, the reader is exposed to an author that has visited these places before. This gives the reader and unique and factual experience that can fill all the nostalgias about that place that he or she may have had.  Sal and Dean visit from place top place for long amounts of time and even sometimes come back and visit these areas which I think gives them the credentials that Pocock and Tuan stress when a person really knows the place they are visiting. One place that I think is significant in the story is Sal and Dean’s associations with the city of San Francisco.
 
Yi-fu Tuan says a city “depends far more on indirect and abstract knowledge for its experiential con-struction”. I think that this is an excellent way to start off the discussion on Sal and Dean’s journeys to San Francisco. They both travel to San Francisco in an experiential state of mind. They are both willing to travel here because it is basically what everyone else is doing and they do so because they are looking for an experience that will change their value systems. I think an interesting scene to look at is when Sal is in San Francisco. Sal says, “Meanwhile I began to go to Frisco more often; I tried everything in the books to make a girl. I even spent a whole night with a girl on a park bench, till dawn, without success” (73). After spending most of his time working in San Francisco, Sal finally ventures out into the city and does things that he wants to do. He is living for the experience which can be tied into place like Tuan mentions. Tuan says, “Places may be private to the individual”. I think this is an interesting connection between the two because Sal describes his task of finding a girl a hard one. He also places emphasis on the park bench where they sat all night which shows that it was a noble thing to do according to himself. Each person values things differently. Just like in Tuan’s argument about the rocking chair, objects and certain parts of a town can be considered places as well. This is because they hold some sort of private value to those who regard them as such which I think pulls the reader back into the whole idea of a  city being  constructed by experiential thought and it taking abstract knowledge when remembering and describing your visit to one of them.

I think it is also interesting how this passage ends as well. Sal says, “I walked by a jewelry store and had the sudden impulse to shoot up the window, take out the finest rings and bracelets, and run to give them to Lee Ann. Then we could flee to Navada together. The time was coming for me to leave Frisco or I’d go crazy” (73).  Sal like when he visits any other place (Denver, Cheyenne, Mexico etc.) always has the sudden urge to leave after “trying it out” for awhile. I think this goes back to his whole existential nature and the experiential perspective on place. Tuan says, “To live in a place is to experience it, to be aware of it in the bones as well as the head.” This is exactly what Sal does during his stay in San Francisco. From working as a policeman to staying in a cramped house with two other people to going out on the town looking for girls and even just walking through the streets of San Francisco, Sal is truly “living” in the place. Once he is done living there, he moves on to the next place where he will incorporate the same experiential outlook and continue to define what place is through and experiential standpoint.
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Traveling the American Way

Submitted by John on Tue, 10/12/2010 - 03:08
  • Travel Fictions
  • 6. On the Road
Sal as a traveler and how he experiences the 5 different modes of travel.
I think that On the Road by Jack Kerouac is a novel that differs greatly from the other novels that we have read so far this semester. The biggest way that this novel differs is the main characters never leave America. Unlike in previous novels which have taken place in Europe or in Africa and have had main characters travelling from America, this novel is focused on Americans travelling within America which makes it unique in this respect. By focusing the novel in America, Kerouac shows how travelers can get the sense of travel even if they remain in their own country. Throughout the book, there are two main topics that I think are essential to discuss, the first of which being whether the characters that I have encountered so far are tourists or travelers and the second is which form of travel these main characters travel by throughout the novel.

The first theme I think that is important to discuss is whether or not Sal, Dean, Carlo and the other characters are really travelers or tourists. Throughout the novel there is significant evidence that points to the main characters being travelers. Whether it’s Sal describing his journey from NYC to the Midwest or him and his friends journeys throughout Colorado traveling from bar to bar and interacting with the locals or in San Francisco where Sal gets a job at a barracks with his friend Remi, the main characters in the novel and especially Sal can be looked it as travelers. Kerouac writes, “Then came spring, the great time of traveling, and everybody in the scattered gang was getting ready to take one trip or another” (6). The main characters aren’t traveling just to say they did it and they certainly aren’t just visiting the stereotypical tourists hangouts when they travel to these places either. They are traveling for an authentic experience. Sal interacts with the locals in Nebraska, Denver etc. and hitchhikes numerous times to get from the East coast to the West coast. This is not something a tourist does. Sal hardly ever stays in hotels like the other characters in the previous novels. Instead, he stays with friends, like in San Francisco when he stayed with Remi in his wife in a shack which shows how he is indeed a traveler and not a tourist.

The theme of reasons for travel and the type of traveler that Sal in particular is also important to discuss. Numerous times throughout the novel, there is conflicting evidence on why Sal really travels. He can resemble a recreational tourist, a diversionary tourist, an experiential tourist, an experimental tourist and even an existentialist tourist. He displays a recreational mode of travel when being described by his aunt. Kerouac says, “My aunt was all in accord with my trip to the West; she said it would do me good, I’d been working so hard all winter and staying in too much” (9). Here, Sal resembles a recreational tourist who needs a break and wants to travel for rejuvenation. Sal also resembles traveling with a diversionary mode of travel when Kerouac states, “For a moment it was no different from being in Newark, except for the great hugeness outside that I loved so much” (34). It can also be argued that he traveled to the West to distract himself from the mundane lifestyle back in NYC.

Sal also shows off an experiential style to travel when he is described as saying, “I pictured myself in a Denver bar that night, with all the gang..” (35). He is using an image of his friends enjoying themselves in Denver to fuel his desire to travel there. The reader is exposed to an experimental side to Sal as well. He goes from NYC, to the Midwest, to Colorado and then to San Francisco. Sal seems to be on a search for a new centre and travels from place to place in search of one.   Kerouac describes this when he describes Sal as saying, “I was itching to get on to San Francisco” (56). Finally we see the final mode of travel that Sal certainly exemplifies. Kerouac states, “I woke up as the sun was reddening; and that was the one distinct time in my life, the strangest moment of all, when I didn’t know who I was” (15). Sal may be using his trip to the West Coast in search of a completely new centre. He is going to the West Coast with his set of East Coast values maybe in search of completely changing his life and starting brand new. Throughout the novel, he shows no signs of wanting to return home right away which leaves open this possibility as well. This helps show how Sal goes through all the modes of travel which is what makes this novel even more special to read in my opinion.
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Experimentalists and Existentialists

Submitted by John on Thu, 10/07/2010 - 00:13
  • Travel Fictions
  • 5. Sociology of tourism
How Kit and Port fit into Cohen's descriptions of tourists
Erik Cohen’s essay, “A Phenomenology of Tourist Experiences” gives multiple definitions and explanations for the different kinds of tourists.  In his essay he gives his take on modern tourists and his opinion on what type of tourist they may profile. After reading his descriptions on the 5 different types of tourists that exist, I think that Porter and Kit follow the experimental mode and the existentialist mode the most. Throughout The Sheltering Sky Paul Bowles transfers his characters from being interested in experimenting to being existentialist human beings which shows how the characters do transform and reach that certain centre that they have been looking for along. 

Cohen describes the experimental mode of travel as, “this mode of the touristic experience is characteristic of people who do not adhere any more to the spiritual centre of their own society, but engage in a quest for an alternative in many different directions” ( Cohen, 189). I think this description as a traveler can certainly relate to the characters of Port and Kit. The reader can get this interpretation from the beginning of The Sheltering Sky where Bowles describes Port’s definition of a traveler by saying, “Whereas the tourist generally hurries back home at the end of a few weeks or months, the traveler, belonging no more to one place than to the next, moves slowly, over periods of years, from one part of the earth to another” (Bowles, 6).  Port doesn’t believe he is a tourist because he doesn’t just visit a country for a short amount of time and then leave. He stays there gaining experience and living life in a new way each and every time. I think this can connect to Cohen’s interpretation of the experimental mode of travel because these types of tourists don’t have an area to come. They continuously travel in the search for something, that something however is unknown. This is exactly what Port and Kit have done their entire lives and continue to do in the novel. They travel all throughout Northern Africa but don’t know exactly for what reason which I think can certainly be classified as “experimental”.

Paul Bowles takes a unique approach in his novel because Port and Kit aren’t just one type of tourist. They actually transform to the existential mode of traveling towards the end of the novel. Erik Cohen describes these people’s behaviors as, “ for a variety of practical reasons, will not be able or willing to move permanently to their ‘elective’ centre, but will live in two worlds: the world of their everyday life, where they follow their practical pursuits, but which for them is devoid of deeper meaning” (Cohen, 191). I think this explanation can certainly hold true for what ended up happening to Porter and Kit in the novel. Kit is the strongest example of this because she was living one life in which she went about the day doing practical things just to play the role of a normal human being but inside her was a clash between two different worlds. Like the definition of an existentialist mode clearly indicates, Kit had to battle a primitive way of living and the normal way of living. When going about the day living a normal life, she was truly hiding from what had deeper meaning for her. This deeper meaning for her is to become primitive which Bowles is the effect of romanticism. Port has a romantic obsession with death and this is completed when he keeps on traveling until he gets sick and dies. Kit wants to be a primitive woman who is in touch with her sexual desires. At the end of the novel, Kit and Porter’s journey can be classified as an existentialist one because of what they seek and how they eventually end up.
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Tourists, Travelers or None of the Above?

Submitted by John on Tue, 09/28/2010 - 00:54
  • Travel Fictions
  • 4. The Sheltering Sky
A look at how the main characters of The Sheltering Sky relate to the themes of travel.
While reading The Sheltering Sky, I began to think about how this story differed from the previous travel stories in which we have read. Paul Bowles' novel incorporates the themes of travel just like the previous works we have read and discussed but does so in a different manner from that of Daisy Miller and The Sun Also Rises. In The Sheltering Sky, Port, Kit and Tunner travel throughout Northern Africa in search of bettering their relationships and yet it seems like nothing is being accomplished throughout the story. As John Aldrige mentions in his article, "Paul Bowles: The Canceled Sky" http://ezproxy.library.nyu.edu:15610/ps/i.do?id=GALE|H1420085182&v=2.1&markList=true&u=new64731&it=r&p=LitRC&sw=w, "Kit and Port Moresby, doomed exiles in the contemporary wasteland, move without motive from sensation to sensation through the heat and squalor of Africa. They have no history and no destination. Their names on their passports are their only proof of life, the labels on their luggage their only record of their passage through time." Port, Kit and Tunner travel aimlessly throughout Africa in search of something they don't even know that they are looking for. Although this bleak outlook can be reminiscent of The Sun Also Rises in a way, it is different because of the themes of travel or lack there of that the novel seems to follow.

In the beginning of the novel, we are exposed to Port as being a tourist. Paul Bowles writes, "He did not think of himself as a traveler. The difference is partly one of time, he would explain. Whereas the tourist generally hurries back home at the end of a few weeks or months, the traveler, belonging no more to one place than to the next, moves slowly, over periods of years, from one part of the earth to another" (6). At first this seems to be a valid interpretation of the travelers. They travel from Oran to Boussif and then to Ain Krorfa in search of what seems a new place to absorb in their surroundings and live through the locals. Port often displays this type of behavior by going down a tent with strangers, biking late at night and even joining Mohammed in Ain Krorfa to a brothel. Although some of these actions may be sexual in nature, he still is experiencing what truly happens in these places and is encountering and interacting with the locals. We see this further more when Bowles describes what Port does in the afternoon as Kit lays in her room. Bowles says, "In the afternoon he walked by the river watched the Spahis training on their perfect white horses, their blue capes flying behind in the wind" (124). Port is actually going out and exploring the town which shows how he is their as a traveler and not quite a tourist. The travelers further display this behavior when they eat out at the local cafes or even in the hotels sipping homemade tea and eating the food even if it doesn't taste up to their liking.

This behavior that resembles tourists however isnt what Bowles is getting at in my opinion. The travelers indeed don't resemble tourists or travelers. They seem lost as they travel aimlessly throughout northern Africa. Port hopes to better his relationship with Kit while Tunner hopes to spring up a relationship with her. Up until pg. 138. neither of these two actions are completed. Port does attempt to fix his relationship with Kit by going on a bike ride with her and getting rid of Tunner but it is to no avail. Instead, Port seems to be too busy worrying about visiting brothels and encountering prostitutes. After meeting with Marhnia in a tent earlier in the novel, he returns to a brothel in Ain Krorfa. Bowles describes Port's fantasy as, "And in bed, without eyes to see beyond the bed, she would have been completely there, a prisoner" (134).  Kit, although seemingly happy to get rid of Tunner had second thoughts. She cannot choose between Tunner and her husband, Port. Bowles says, "The deceit of the maneuver, if she was correct was too bald" (119). Even though she wants Tunner gone, she cannot leave him behind like Port wants to do which further shows how the characters are in a downward spiral in which they are traveling for no means whatsoever. In their minds they hope to accomplish their goals and find themselves and yet none of them has accomplished anything showing how they are lost souls of the post-war generation.
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Not Just Tourists

Submitted by John on Tue, 09/21/2010 - 00:40
  • Travel Fictions
  • 3. The Sun Also Rises
A look at themes of Hemingway's novel and the reasons behind traveling for Jake and the others.
The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway is a novel that touches upon post World War 1 life. In the novel, the main characters Jake Barnes and Lady Brett Ashley travel in search of experience, enjoyment and authenticity. The novel is regarded by some critics such as F. Scott Fitzgerald as "a romance and a guidebook" (Aldridge 123). However I agree with Robert F. Wilson when he says, “With lake Barnes's emphasis on his environment and recurrent references to the streets, bars, and cafes frequented by his expatriate companions, Hemingway contributes to a body of travel literature describing the places that constitute the geography of the infamous expatriate lifestyle http://ezproxy.library.nyu.edu:15610/ps/i.do?action=interpret&id=GALE|A148423523&v=2.1&u=new64731&markList=true&it=r&p=LitRC&sw=w&authCount=1  " I think that the novel is not a guidebook but however is an account of these people’s travels to places that aren’t in the typical guidebook.  JI think this novel fits in well with the theme of travel that the class has discussed upon since the beginning of our discussions on travel themes. The Sun Also Rises serves as an escape novel in which Jake, Brett, Bill, Mike and Robert try to explore new areas in order to find themselves and leave behind their problems of the past.
 
The readers are first exposed to the themes of travel of authenticity and experience when Robert Cohn discussed with Jake about wanting to travel to South America. Robert says, “Don’t you ever get the feeling that all your life is going by and you’re (19). Jake responds, “Listen, Robert, going to another country doesn’t make any difference. I’ve tried all that. You can’t get away from yourself by moving from one place to another. There’s nothing to that” (19). Although Jake dismisses the idea that traveling can’t change a being and that traveling cannot be used as an excuse to find oneself, Jake ends up traveling in the novel to Spain. He says he wants to go in order to fish, but there is an underlying cause to his desire to travel. He, like Robert both have love interests in Brett. They both hope that something springs up in Spain so that they can be with the girl that they love. This idea of traveling for experience and in order to fulfill one’s own self and find oneself is again brought up in a discussion between Jake and a count. The count says, “You see, Mr. Barnes, it is because I have lived very much that now I can enjoy everything so well. Don’t you find it like that?” (67). Jake replies, “Yes. Absolutely” (67). This is just further evidence on how the Jake, Robert, Brett, Bill and Mike aren’t just traveling for social status or just to say they are traveling. They are traveling to find who they truly are and what their purpose in life is. Brett is probably the best example of this. While in Pamplona, Brett has an affair with Pedro Romero in a quest to find her true love.
 
Another important theme of travel in which The Sun Also Rises also exemplifies is the idea that Jake and the other travelers are not traveling as tourists. They view themselves pretty much as natives of the areas in which they are visiting. This is shown when the dancers arrive in the square with a banner that had “Hurray for Wine! Hurray for the Foreigners!” painted on it. Robert Cohn then asks, “Where are the foreigners?” (158). When in France and in Spain, these 5 travelers get the authentic experience. They do things that natives in the country do which don’t make them the “ordinary tourist”. Whether it’s helping Montoya out concerning Romero(176) or participating in the rituals of the dancers in which they consumed large amounts of alchol and wore garlic around their necks (160), the travelers are truly experiencing everyday life in Pamplona and by doing so they stray away from the "tourist' persona.
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When Cultures Clash

Submitted by John on Mon, 09/13/2010 - 23:31
  • Travel Fictions
  • 2. Daisy Miller
How the American and European cultures interact in "Daisy Miller"
“Daisy Miller” by Henry James is a travel story in which the reader is given access on the characteristics of different cultures and how they are defined by those who aren’t accustomed to these cultures. It’s a unique story because of its ability to display the many themes of travel along with offering a look into how different cultures receive certain actions. This is displayed numerous times through conversations that Daisy and Winterbourne have. This is exemplified when Winterbourne tries to shy away from letting Daisy know the truth that his aunt doesn’t want to meet her. Winterbourne says, “She tells me she does” and Daisy replies, “She doesn’t want to know me! Why don’t you say so? You needn’t be afraid. I’m not afraid!” (20). Here, Daisy displays a careless attitude in which she finds the idea of Winterbourne trying to hide that his aunt doesn’t want to see her funny. This displays a disparity between the American and European cultures that appears countless times throughout the novel.
 
Another way in which the book illustrates the idea of cultures clashing is the way in which Mrs. Walker thinks of Daisy’s nights out with Giovanelli and the way in which she flirts with both Giovanelli and Winterbourne out in the open. Mrs. Walker expresses her distaste with Daisy’s behavior while talking with Winterbourne in which she answers his question of “What has she been doing?” by saying, “Everything that is not done here. Flirting with any man she could pick up; sitting in corners with mysterious Italians; dancing all the evening with the same partners; receiving visits at eleven o’clock at night. Her mother goes away when visitors come” (44). When Daisy is addressed by Mrs. Walker about some of these wrongdoings she simply replies by saying, “Well, it ought to be, then! If I didn’t walk I should expire” (43). We can clearly see how the American culture and the culture that is acceptable in Italy differ. Henry James creates this clash throughout his novel which clearly defines an important theme of travel.  
 
An interesting part of the bibliography that I think can tie into this illustration of the theme of travel is in the “Daisy Miller: Overview” by Philips Collins. In this overview Philip Collins writes, “He had also perforce had much opportunity and incentive to note and reflect upon differences between American and European behaviour, manners, and assumptions, particularly among the more affluent classes, and the possibilities of misunderstanding and misjudgment when one culture meets another.” I think that this idea is engaging because it connects with the idea of my blog post and that is how different cultures clash on different ideas and customs. This happens all the time in travel when a person visits from one place to another. They bring their customs, beliefs and practices to this area and are often judged upon it because it is not something that is done by the native people. I think the overview by Philips Collins elaborates upon this issue perfectly. He says how the novel’s main focus is to show the contrast among the two different cultures. The American culture is a lot more free spirited while the Italian culture is much stricter and bans certain forms of flirtatious behavior and looks down upon women having more than one man by their side. I think this novel successfully implements this attitude of contrast and puts a mental image in the readers minds of the “typical American girl” which Collins mentions in his overview.
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Behind the Scenes

Submitted by John on Thu, 09/09/2010 - 00:26
  • Travel Fictions
  • 1. Travel Story
Escaping from the typical "beach vacation" to visit the village of St. John's Pass
As I awoke from a not so comfortable sleep on the hotel mattress, I felt nothing but excitement for what the day would bring. It was our 4th day in Saint Petersburg, Florida. So far, our family vacation has featured the beach, the pool, the sun and all things that involve the outdoors and the water. But today things will change. Today, our family has decided to visit a part of town called St. John’s Pass. As I stepped into our rented minivan my mind began to wonder on what kinds of shops and houses the village would feature.

After a half hour drive from our hotel, we are finally here. Dad parked the van at the nearest spot and we began walking around the area.  It was another sun scorched day and that just put me in a better mood. A warm, tropical breeze developed off of the nearby Gulf of Mexico. As we walked on the main block of town, a bunch of shops lined the streets. My family planned to visit all of them and this is exactly what we did. The first shop was a candy shop. As soon as I walked in I felt an inviting and warm vibe. The couple who owned the store came over to us and recommended the best tasting sweets in the shop. They even let me try the chocolate caramel candy bar, a chocolate covered strawberry and a marshmallow cookie for free. They asked my family where we from and what our lives were back at home. Then I asked the couple about their life here in Florida. I really found this to be one of the most memorable moments of the whole vacation. The couple shared with me how they have been living in the area for about 20 years and how they love it because of how laid back and how polite everyone is. They told me that here life is mostly stress free and they go about the day doing things that they want to do and not living on a “9 to 5” basis that many people in the big cities go by. They take walks on the beach twice a day and spend time out in the yard with their grandkids and neighbors and have large cookouts almost every day. After having such a great talk with the couple, we bought many sweets and headed on to the next shop were the politeness and the interactive nature of the Floridian people continued.    

As the late afternoon approached and everyone was tired from all the walking around, we headed back to our luxurious hotel on the beach. Although I was tired and sun burned from the long day I didn’t want to leave. I wanted to spend more time around the people in the village to actually see what they do for more than just a couple of hours.  I love the beach and the pool and yet going back to that just didn’t seem that inviting at the time. On the car ride back to the hotel, all I could think about was the unique southern style breakfast that we had in the village and the scrumptious seafood that we ate for lunch. I thought about the story that the couple in the candy store told me, the many tiny boutiques that lined the main street in the town, the way in which everyone got along so well, the people sitting outside of their houses mingling with one another, the men fishing by the pier, the small boats going by in the water and all the unique animals that we didn’t have back home in Brooklyn. This made my vacation a far better experience then just relaxing on a beach or in a pool. I got to truly experience the people and culture of St. Petersburg, Florida.




 
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